Product function

• 1D Resistivity or IP

  In 1D VES survey, transmission up to full power 7200W (1200V*6A) can be emitted to allow excited pulse signals to reach deeper strata. For small signals, up to 255 stacking amounts are allowed to enhance measurement accuracy. Prior to field testing, measurement array configurations and the electrode scanning parameters can be inputted into the monitoring host, thus reducing the time spent in field to enter the survey parameters and increase survey productivity.
  
  

  • 1D Resistivity or IP

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  • In 1D VES survey, transmission up to full power 7200W (1200V*6A) can be emitted to allow excited pulse signals to reach deeper strata. For small signals, up to 255 stacking amounts are allowed to enhance measurement accuracy. Prior to field testing, measurement array configurations and the electrode scanning parameters can be inputted into the monitoring host, thus reducing the time spent in field to enter the survey parameters and increase survey productivity.
    

    
    

    

• Supported 1D arrays (click for details) ：

  • Supported 1D arrays (click for details) ：

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  4P-VES

  • 4P-VES

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    Electrode connection: electrodes A, B, M and N are respectively connected to terminals A, B (∞), M and N of the mainframe.
    
    

    In this measuring device, the measuring point O is the symmetric center of electrodes. MO=ON and AO=OB. After the current measuring point is measured, the four electrodes move simultaneously along the X-axis with certain distances among them, so that the measuring point O moves to the next measuring point along the X-axis. Since the set origin of coordinates is a fixed point on the X-axis (generally the midpoint of the first MN), the device is mainly used to research the lateral variation of resistivity.

  Composite Profiling

  • Composite Profiling

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    Electrode connection: electrodes A, B, M and N are respectively connected to terminals A, tri-polar B, M and N of the mainframe. The infinite remote electrode C is connected to the terminal B (∞) of the mainframe.
    
    
    

    As shown in the above figure, the electrode arrangement of composite profiling is the same as that of composite electrical sounding. The same measuring point will produce two sets of measurement data: R0_a andR0_b. After the current measuring point is measured, electrodes A, M, N and B will move along the X-axis with certain distances among them to the next measuring point, so as to obtain the lateral variation of resistivity.

  Dipole VES

  • Dipole VES

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    Dipole device: The device is characterized in that current electrodes AB and measuring electrodes MN are dipoles, and there are certain distances among them. Since the four electrodes are on the same straight line, they are called axial dipoles. It is a combination of moving source profiling and sounding methods. Therefore, it’s applicable to research of resistivity variation at different depths along the profile.
    
    

    Electrodes A, B, M and N are respectively connected to terminals A, B (∞), M and N of the mainframe.
    
    

    Take a fixed point on the measuring point as the origin O. The distance between current dipoles AB and receiving dipoles MN is a. Profiling measurement is realized by keeping the relative positions of AB and MN unchanged and making A, B, M and M move simultaneously along the X-axis; sounding measurement is realized by moving AB (generally the displacement distance is a) and moving MN in new positions.

  3P-VES

  • AMN Devices

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  • MNB device

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    Electrode connection: A, M, N connected to the related ports of the mainframe A, M, N , infinity pole C connect the port B（∞） of the mainframe.
    
    

    After starting the measurement, the mainframe is automatically powered by A and B (∞).
    
    

    The electrode C is fixed far (infinite place), and the general OC is 5~10 times of OA or OB. Because the MN electrode is fixed, the measured point O is at the midpoint of the MN, so the A or B electrode is used to achieving the sounding test.
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    Electrode connection: the port of the M, N, B was connected to the related port of the mainframe M, N, B , infinity pole C instrument is connected at the mainframe' ports A (∞) .
    
    

    After starting measurement, the mainframe is automatically powered by the mainframe ports A (∞) and B.
    
    

    The electrode C is fixed (infinitely place) far , and the general OC is 5~10 times of OA or OB distance. Because the MN electrode is fixed, the measured point O is at the midpoint of the MN, the electrode of A or B is used to achieving the sounding test.

  Mid-grandient

  • Mid-grandient

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    Electrode connection: the electrodes of the mainframe A, B, M and N are connected to related ports of the mainframe A, B (∞), M and N.
    
    

    This device is designed at the large and fixed distance of the power supply electrode AB; the measuring electrode MN is measured at a point 1/3 of the middle of the AB. Recorded the midpoint of MN. This arrangement is used to observe the resistivity change of the detect the position at certain depth related to the ground surface. The origin point O is defined at the middle of AB, and the X axis from A to B is in the positive direction. In addition to AB/2 and MN/2, the X axis coordinate X and the Y axis coordinate y of the MN midpoint will affect the device constants.

  Customized arrays

  • Customized arrays

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    Custom device: no limitation of the device, flexible. According to reality case, inputting the location information a, B, x, y, and then manually calculate the corresponding K value, and fill in the software for creating custom scripts.

• 2D ERT or IP Profiling

  GD-10 ERT system is capable of conducting 2D cross-section profiling of ERT and IP in field. Through the array script management in Geomative Studio, clients can predefine survey parameters on PC prior to field surveys. Up to 3200W (800V*4A) transmission power can be deployed in field. GD-10 is equipped with both centralized cabling and distributed cabling system, to fulfill any complex field environment.
  
  
  
  More survey layout solutions:

  • 2D ERT or IP Profiling

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  • GD-10 ERT system is capable of conducting 2D cross-section profiling of ERT and IP in field. Through the array script management in Geomative Studio, clients can predefine survey parameters on PC prior to field surveys. Up to 3200W (800V*4A) transmission power can be deployed in field. GD-10 is equipped with both centralized cabling and distributed cabling system, to fulfill any complex field environment.
    

    
    

    
    

    
    

    More survey layout solutions:

  Conventional ERT（5 Takeouts Dual-Way Cable）

  • Mainframe in the middle of the measuring line

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  • Mainframe on the left side of the measuring line

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  • Mainframe on the right side of the measuring line

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    In the single link resistivity mode, when a double-tap cable head is used, the electrode should connect to the tap P1; the maximum emitter current of this mode is 2A.

    • The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2 ：
    • The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2; ：
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    In the single link resistivity mode, when a double-tap cable head is used, the electrode should connect to the tap P1; the maximum emitter current of this mode is 2A.

    • The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2 ：
    • The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2; ：
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    In the single link resistivity mode, when a double-tap cable head is used, the electrode should connect to the tap P1; the maximum emitter current of this mode is 2A.

    • The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2 ：
    • The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2; ：

  Conventional ERT（10 Takeouts Cable）

  • Mainframe in the middle of the measuring line

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  • Mainframe on the left side of the measuring line

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  • Mainframe on the right side of the measuring line

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    In the single link resistivity mode, when a single-tap cable head is used, one cable has 24 taps. In configuration of the whole system, according to users’ demands, N cables are equipped with N+1 cable heads.
    
    
    
    
    
    

    The maximum current is 2A.
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    In the single link resistivity mode, when a single-tap cable head is used, one cable has 24 taps. In configuration of the whole system, according to users’ demands, N cables are equipped with N+1 cable heads.
    
    
    
    
    
    

    The maximum current is 2A.
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    In the single link resistivity mode, when a single-tap cable head is used, one cable has 10 taps. In configuration of the whole system, according to users’ demands, N cables are equipped with N+1 cable heads.
    
    
    
    
    
    

    The maximum current is 2A.

  GD-10 Advanced 2D，Conventional ERT

  • Centralized 30 electrodes system

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  • Centralized 60 electrodes system

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  • Centralized 90 electrodes system

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  • Centralized 120 electrodes system

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    GD-10 traditional centralized system; standard configuration of 60 taps; easy to use; applicable to multiple exchange boxes in series connection and longer sections.
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    GD-60 traditional centralized system; standard configuration of 60 taps; easy to use; applicable to multiple exchange boxes in series connection and longer sections.
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    GD-90 traditional centralized system; standard configuration of 60 taps; easy to use; applicable to multiple exchange boxes in series connection and longer sections.
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    GD-120 traditional centralized system; standard configuration of 60 taps; easy to use; applicable to multiple exchange boxes in series connection and longer sections.

  Conventional IP

  • Mainframe in the middle of the measuring line

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  • Mainframe on the left side of the measuring line

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    In the single link IP mode, the electrode should connect to the tap P1 to act as the single link emitting electrode, and the solid non-polarized electrode should connect to the tap P2 to act as the receiving electrode. The unique double-tap design separates emitting from receiving, fully guaranteeing the data accuracy. The maximum emitter current is 2A.

    • The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2; ： The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2 ：
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    In the single link IP mode, the electrode should connect to the tap P1 to act as the single link emitting electrode, and the solid non-polarized electrode should connect to the tap P2 to act as the receiving electrode. The unique double-tap design separates emitting from receiving, fully guaranteeing the data accuracy. The maximum emitter current is 2A.

  Dual-takeout ERT Survey

  • Dual-takeout ERT Survey

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    Duplex resistivity: Electrodes should connect to taps P1 and P2 simultaneously. The electrode is both the emitting electrode and the receiving electrode. The maximum emitter current of this mode is 4A.

    • The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2 ： The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2

  Dual-takeout IP Survey

  • Dual-takeout IP Survey

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    In the duplex IP mode, two rows of cables should be arranged in parallel, respectively connecting to the left and right ends of the L-type jumper wire. Taps P1 and P2 connecting to the left end of the L-type jumper wire also connect to the stainless steel electrode to act as the emitting electrode. The cable P2 connecting to the right end of the L-type jumper wire connects to the solid non-polarized electrode to act as the receiving electrode. The maximum emitter current of this mode is 4A.

    • The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2; ： The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2

• Supported array configurations (click for details)

  • Supported array configurations (click for details)

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  Wenner（α）

  • Wenner（α）

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    【Descriptions】When measuring, defined AM=MN=NB as an electrode spacing, moving A, B, M, N at the same time point at the right directions for getting the first profile line; then increasing the AM, MN, NB more one electrode spacing, moving the location A, B, M, N at the right directions for getting the another profile line; After constant scanning measuring like this ways, the trapezoidal section is appeared.
    

    
    

    【Feactures】The measurement section is trapezoidal.

  Wenner（β）

  • Wenner（β）

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    [features] measurement section obtrapezoid.
    

    [description] when measuring AB=BM=MN as an electrode spacing, A, B, M, N at the same time point moves to the right and get the first profile; then AB, BM, MN increased by one electrode spacing, A, B, M, N point to the right move, get another profile; this constant scanning down, get trapezoidal section.

  Wenner（γ）

  • Wenner（γ）

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    [features] measurement section obtrapezoid.
    

    [description] when measuring AM=MB=BN as an electrode spacing, A, B, M, N at the same time point moves to the right and get the first profile; then AM, MB, BN increased by one electrode spacing, A, B, M, N point to the right move, get another profile; this constant scanning down, get trapezoidal section.

  Pole-Dipole（AMN）

  • Pole-Dipole（AMN）

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    【Feactures】The measurement section is trapezoidal.
    

    【Descriptions】When measuring, defined the AM=MN as an electrode spacing. A, M, N points moving to the right at the same time for getting the first profile line; then increasing the AM and MN more than an electrode spacing,keep A, M, N point to the right move for getting another profile; After constant scanning down,trapezoidal section is appeared.

  Dipole-Pole（MNB）

  • Dipole-Pole（MNB）

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    【Feactures】The measurement section is trapezoidal.the M, N, B correspond to connect the the terminals of M, N, B (H-infinity).
    

    【Descriptions】When measuring keep the MN=NB as a standard electrode spacing, Moving the M, N, B point at the right directions for getting the first profile line; then increasing the MN and NB more an electrode spacing, M, N, B point to the right move for getting another profile line; After constant scanning down as above modes,the trapezoidal section appeared.
    

  Pole-Pole（AM）

  • Pole-Pole（AM）

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    【Feactures】The measuring section is parallelogram.
    

    【Descriptions】When measuring,fixed the location of A,Moving the point M at right directions and getting a rolling line; then moving point A and M at right directions about one electrode.Fixed point A, M point moves to the right fpr get another rolling line; After constant measuring rolling down like this ways,the parallelogram section is appeared.
    

  Dipole-Dipole

  • Dipole-Dipole

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    【Feactures】The measuring section is parallelogram.
    
    

    【Descriptions】When measuring ,fixed the location of A, B. keep moving the location of the M, N at the right direction to get a rolling line; Then fixed the location ofA, B, keep moving the location of the M, N at the right directions about one electrode for get another rolling line; continuous rolling mode as above for get four parallel measurement, edge section.

  Schlumberger

  • Schlumberger

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    【Feactures】The measurement section is trapezoidal.
    

    【Descriptions】When measuring, defined the AM=MN=NB as an electrode spacing, A, B, M, N at the same time point moves to the right for getting the first profile line; then increasing the AM and NB more an electrode spacing, keep the MN is an electrode spacing, with moving the point A, B, M, N at right directions for getting another profile line; after continuous scanning down like this modes,the trapezoidal section is appeared.

  Wenner-Schlumberger

  • Wenner-Schlumberger

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    【Feactures】Wenner - Schlumberger is a variant (Pazdirek and Blaha, 1996), its high sensitivity value is below of the present measuring electrode. With the appropriate horizontal and vertical resolution, but the detection depth is surficial, difficult to use a single method in 3D.
    
    

    【Descriptions】When the N factor is greater than 2, this arrangement is effectively transformed into Wen-Sch mode. As for a commonly designed electrode spacing for a device, it is actually a suitable device and arrangement of mixed Wen-Sch.In addition to the better level contains with the maximum depth of penetration, this arrangement is about 15% more than wenner device. Note: when the N factor is 1, the Wenner array is a special case of a wenner-schlumberger.
    
    

  Edge Gradient

  • Edge Gradient

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    Pole running mode:
    

    1.Fixed A at the first electrode for first, and then moving the piont B from the fourth to the end of the electrodes, if the B in the fourth electrode, the measuring point M N 2 3 position, and then keep B to move a spacing positions, Such as B electrode in fifth electrode measurement, M and N were respectively 2 3 and 3 4 position data in order to push B to this mode until the end. (MN always keeps one electrode spacing)
    

    2．When the B moves at the end and measuring finished, keep the B in the end, Moving the location of A from 1 to the end of ahead of 4 electrodes. such as if the A in the second electrodes, B in the last (64) electrode, then measure the MN of 34, 45, 56, 6 7,7 8......... 62 63 ect, by this sort until A moves to the ahead of 4 electrodes. (MN always keeps one electrode spacing).
    

  Double Side-3P

  • Double Side-3P

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  Cross-Hole Dipole

  • Cross-Hole Dipole

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    【Feactures】The measuring section is parallelogram.
    

    【Descriptions】When measuring, the rolling line is formed with that the location of A, B is fixed, N,M was moved among the right directions at the same time; Then A, B, M, N and move at distance one electrode at the right, A, B fixed,and keep the M, N moving at the same time right that will got another rolling line; continuous rolling modes as above and get parallelogram and sections.
    

    【Attentions】Different from other measuring methods defined.when start to measuring, It is required that the actual distance and it's electrodes number of A and B is not less than B number and it's related electrodes in the reality ways. but it does not require A and B must have electrodes.
    

  Bipole Up-Hole

  • Bipole Up-Hole

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    Layouts' mode: a line is laid out both inside and outside of the well, When creating scripts, the number of electrodes inside and outside the well needs to be defined first.
    

    Pole Running Mode：
    

    1.C1P1 = C2P2 = a defined spacing
    

    Fixed the location of the C2P2 (away from the electrode inside the well), and measuring the location C1P1 up and down, moving the distance between two electrodes until the end.
    

    The C2P2 was moved at two electrodes spacing among the near electrode of the well, and the C1P1 is measured up and down. The distance for moving at two electrodes spacing.
    

    Increasing the C1P1 = C2P2 spacing.
    

  Customized arrays

  • Customized

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    【Feactures】The measuring point is not limited by the device and can be distributed arbitrarily.
    
    

    【Descriptions】According to the actual position of A, B, M and N,measuring the distance of AM, AN, BN and BM ,and calculating the value K manually according to the formula. The customized pole running mode (excel format) is edited as the and imported into mainframe to measure the value.

• 3D ERT or IP Profiling

  Using GD-10 ERT measurement system, the sectional centralized cabling layout can be deployed robustly in a snakelike layout pattern to perform 3D ERT and IP survey. Up to 3200W (800V*4A) can be transmitted under this mode. If ERT cabling is insufficient, limited cabling can be deployed in a dual-direction shifting combination or multiple paralleled 2D survey line data fusion method to cover a larger 3D region.
  
  

  • 3D ERT or IP Profiling

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  • Using GD-10 ERT measurement system, the sectional centralized cabling layout can be deployed robustly in a snakelike layout pattern to perform 3D ERT and IP survey. Up to 3200W (800V*4A) can be transmitted under this mode. If ERT cabling is insufficient, limited cabling can be deployed in a dual-direction shifting combination or multiple paralleled 2D survey line data fusion method to cover a larger 3D region.
    

    
    

    

• Supported 3D arrays(click for details)

  • Supported 3D arrays(click for details)

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  Wenner（α）

  • Wenner（α）

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    Wenner (α): is a special case of a symmetric four-pole array k = 2πa (where MN = a)
    
    

    In measurement, the horizontal measuring line, the longitudinal measuring line and the diagonal measuring line are all arranged with AM=MN=NB as one electrode space; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form a profile line. Increase one electrode space for AM, MN and NB; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form another profile line; repeat the process till the measurement is finished. Cross-diagonal measurement and Γ measurement are supported.
    
    

    This array has the highest signal-to-noise ratio and a good vertical resolution, but the horizontal resolution is poor, and only one channel of the multi-channel instrument is used.

  Wenner（β）

  • Wenner（β）

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    Wenner (β): k=6πa (where MN=a)
    

    In measurement, the horizontal measuring line, the longitudinal measuring line and the diagonal measuring line are all arranged with AB=BM=MN as one electrode space; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form a profile line. Increase one electrode space for AB, BM and MN; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form another profile line. repeat the process till the measurement is finished.

  Schlunmberger

  • Schlunmberger

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    Schlunmberger: in measurement, the horizontal measuring line, the longitudinal measuring line and the diagonal measuring line are all arranged with AM=MN=NB as one electrode space; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form a profile line. Increase one electrode space for AM and NB; there is always one electrode space between M and N; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form another profile line. Repeat the process till the measurement is finished.
    

    AB/2 should be five times greater than MN; the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution are almost the same as that of Wenner arrangement; only one channel of the multi-channel instrument is used.
    

  Dipole-Dipole

  • Dipole-Dipole

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    [Feature] The measuring section is a parallelogram.
    

    [Description] In measurement, A and B remain still; M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form a rolling line; A, B, M and N simultaneously move one electrode to the right, A and B remain still; M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form another rolling line. Repeat the rolling measurement to obtain a parallelogram section.

  Pole-Dipole

  • Pole-Dipole

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    The pole-dipole array, unlike other conventional arrangements, is an asymmetrical arrangement. The apparent resistivity anomalies obtained with this arrangement are also asymmetrical. In some places, the asymmetry of the apparent resistivity anomalies obtained will affect the inversion results. One way to eliminate this asymmetry effect is to use a reverse arrangement (Figure c) to repeat the measurements. By combining the positive and negative (Figures a and c) measurements, any impact of asymmetry on the model results will be eliminated with a pole-dipole arrangement.
    
    

    When the factor n is too large, the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured data may be too small. In order to increase the signal strength, the distance between the two measuring electrodes M and N (Figure b) can be increased.
    
    

    The pole-dipole array supports cross-diagonal measurement and Γ measurement, and this arrangement is particularly suitable for automatic data acquisition of multi-channel instruments.

  Pole-Pole

  • Pole-Pole

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    The pole-pole arrangement is an electrode arrangement commonly used in 3D measurement, where R is the measuring resistivity and a is the distance between electrodes A and M; it supports three measurement modes.
    

    When the number of electrodes is constant, the maximum number of independent points that can be measured is obtained by the following formula: nmax = ne (ne-1)/2.

  Mid gradient

  • Mid gradient

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    Use the four-pole AMNB array; A and B are current electrodes; M and N are measuring electrodes; the space between current electrodes A and B is very large; MN = (1/50~1/30) AB; in operation, A and B are fixed; M and N simultaneously move in the middle part of AB (1/2~1/3) AB; carry out measurement point by point; the measuring point is the midpoint of MN. The mid gradient method is mainly used to find the steep high-resistance thin veins (such as quartz veins and pegmatite veins).

• High-powered IP Mid-gradient Profiling

  Geomative is the first in the industry to adopt ERT modules in the high-powered IP mid-gradient cross-sectional profiling. Similar to the ERT method, clients can deploy a pair of AB electrodes and multiple sets of non-polarizable electrodes. AB transmitting electrode is connected to the AB terminal port on the monitoring host, while the non-polarizable electrodes are connected to the ERT cables takeouts. During IP survey, the host instrument emits electrical signal simultaneously and sequentially select MN electrodes in automated mode. Under sufficient amount of cabling and electrodes, the whole lateral cross-sectional profiling can be accomplished in one run, with a significant enhancement in survey efficiency. If signal emission is performed using external transmitter, clients can simply connect the AB terminal port of GD-10 host to the emission circuit in series. GD-10 will automatically monitor and detect the transmitted electrical signals, triggering and synchronizing the MN acquisition channels simultaneously.
  
  

  • High-powered IP Mid-gradient Profiling

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  • Geomative is the first in the industry to adopt ERT modules in the high-powered IP mid-gradient cross-sectional profiling. Similar to the ERT method, clients can deploy a pair of AB electrodes and multiple sets of non-polarizable electrodes. AB transmitting electrode is connected to the AB terminal port on the monitoring host, while the non-polarizable electrodes are connected to the ERT cables takeouts. During IP survey, the host instrument emits electrical signal simultaneously and sequentially select MN electrodes in automated mode. Under sufficient amount of cabling and electrodes, the whole lateral cross-sectional profiling can be accomplished in one run, with a significant enhancement in survey efficiency. If signal emission is performed using external transmitter, clients can simply connect the AB terminal port of GD-10 host to the emission circuit in series. GD-10 will automatically monitor and detect the transmitted electrical signals, triggering and synchronizing the MN acquisition channels simultaneously.
    

    
    

    

• Features

  GD-20 system has rich and powerful software functionalities, assisting clients to resolve multiple complications during field survey, enhancing survey efficiency and data quality. Detailed functionality is introduced below (click for details):

  • Features

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  • GD-20 system has rich and powerful software functionalities, assisting clients to resolve multiple complications during field survey, enhancing survey efficiency and data quality. Detailed functionality is introduced below (click for details):

  Set the start/end electrodes

  • Set the start/end electrodes

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    According to user’s needs and requirements, the mainframe can customize starting/ending electrode for measurement. As shown in the figure, the starting electrode is selected as 20, and the ending electrode 40, so the test will measure the points corresponding to electrode 20 to 40.

  Skip takeouts

  • Skip takeouts

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  • Skip takeouts

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    The standard internal of our cable taps is 5m and 10m. If the internal of the tested electrode is required to be more than the tap internal of the cable itself, skipping tap can meet the requirement. The setting range is 0-4. The picture above shows how to skip a tap.
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    The skipping electrode (if needed) should be selected when creating a test task as shown above

  Ignore take-out

  • Ignore take-out

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    Unoccupied tap can be used to remove bad points found when some electrodes cannot be normally arranged due to certain abnormal cable tap or topographic conditions.

  Set the start/end layers

  • Set the start/end layers

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    As shown in the figure, the testing layer can be selected as required when creating a test task. For example, if 5-17 layers are selected, the test will only measure and display the data of the 5-17 layers.

  Contact resistance

  • Contact resistance

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  • VSE ground resistance test

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  • ERT ground resistance test

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  • Settings of ground resistance threshold value

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    Ground resistance test is mainly used to check the contact conditions between the electrode and the cable and between the electrode and the geotechnical body. It is an important functional step for environmental inspection before testing data.
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    VES ground resistance is divided into MN and AB ground resistances. The MN ground resistance can be directly measured after the environment is prepared, while AB ground resistance should be measured by connecting the AB line to CH1-M and CH1-N binding posts.
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    2D and 3D ground resistance test methods are the same. The connection mode of single resistivity only needs to measure P1 ground resistance, while P2 ground resistance needs to be tested for double resistivity, and single IP double IP P1.
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    The process of measuring ground resistance will display different statuses according to the measuring value of the ground resistance to remind user of whether the grounding condition is good or not.
    
    
    

    1. Short circuit: the value of ground resistance is less than 20Ω;
    
    
    

    2. Normal: the value of ground resistance is between 20Ω and the threshold value;
    
    
    

    3. Oversize: the value of ground resistance is between the threshold value and 20,000Ω;
    
    
    

    4. Open circuit: the value of ground resistance is over 20,000Ω.
    
    
    

    As shown, the resistance threshold value can be set in environment variables of devices management.

  Multi-dimensional data display

  • Multi-dimensional data display

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  • Details of resistivity data

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  • Details of IP data

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  • Section grap

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  • Profile graph

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  • Comprehensive view

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  • Attenuation curve of IP data

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    The mainframe displays all the problems, field discoveries and real-time positioning fully and accurately in real time and multi-dimension.
    
    
    

    1) Profile
    
    
    

    2) Scatter plot
    
    
    

    3) Original data oscillogram
  • 

    ERT resistivity task data list details page shows detailed data information: A, B, M, N, I, V, R0, SP, R0-itemrative deviation, and also the total and remaining number of points and the remaining test time in the test process.
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    ERT IP task data details: A, B, M, N, I, V, R0, M0, R0/M0-itemrative deviation, and also the total and remaining number of points and the remaining test time in the test process.
  • 

    The R0 of the test task data can be expressed in the form of cross-section diagram which can visualize the real-time distribution of R0 size in the tested diagram. Bad points that occur during the test may affect the display of color code. The diagram can be re-viewed by editing the maximum or minimum R0. Data testing can also be performed at the interface section grap.
  • 

    The profile can visualize the real time trend of the tested section R0, and the R0 data smooth graph of adjacent interval can reflect some abnormal points.
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    The comprehensive view can display data of the current points, position of the profile and the attenuation curve, and visualize the data quality of the current points.
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    The IP attenuation curve can reflect the quality of the current data and determine the interference degree to data.

  Roll-along testing

  • Advantages of rolling test

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  • Wiring method of rolling measurement

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  • Wiring method of rolling measurement

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  • Software settings for the rolling function

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  • Software settings for the rolling function

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    It has solved the problem of long-section measurement.
    
    

    1) The finite cable completes the long section measurement;
    
    

    2) Long section measurement is completed in section;
    
    

    3) Non-repeated point measurement gives a high efficiency.
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    The mainframe is placed in the middle of the measuring line. The rolling method uses the left and right interfaces of the conversion box at the same time. Place the mainframe in the middle of the measuring lines, connect the cable to be rolled to the end of the last section measuring lines after section measurement is completed, and conduct the measurement without moving the position of the mainframe. After the rolling measurement is completed, the long-section data is automatically synthesized. Take the tap system as an example, two high density cables at most can be moved at a time.
  • 

    Place the mainframe on one side of the measuring line. The rolling method as shown is method to use only one high density cable interface of the mainframe. When measuring, place the mainframe on one side of the measuring lines, connect the cable to be rolled to end of the last measuring lines after the section measurement is completed, and conduct the measurement by moving the mainframe forward to connect to one side of the section, and so on, until the rolling measurement of the whole long section is completed. After the rolling measurement is completed, the long-section data is automatically synthesized. Take the tap system as an example, two high density cables at most can be moved at a time.
  • 

    When creating a test task, the default rolling function is “No” which refers not to turn on. If a rolling test is required, one or two measuring lines can be selected to roll when creating a test task.
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    If the rolling function is selected when creating a test task, a rolling surface can be added on the test data page. Determine whether to scroll one or two measuring lines at a time based on the previous settings. The rolling surface can be set before or after testing the current section.

  Stacking

  • Principle and definition of Stacking

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  • Geomative studio script creation iteration settings

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  • GD-10 creation of task iteration settings

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  • Automatic iteration

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    If resistivity and IP testing are affected by environmental interference or grounding conditions, resulting in poor test data, we will perform single point multi-iteration measurements and synthesize the results of multiple measurements.
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    On the Geomative Studio software, when a creating script, the number of iterations could be set for the data points, ranging from 1 to 255. When a script is established and set, download the script to the mainframe.
  • 

    When creating a test task on the mainframe, the measurement is performed by default by the number of iterations set in the Geomative Studio script creation. The number of iterations can be reset. As shown in the figure, the number of iterations is 5, and then all points of the test task will take iteration test for 5 times.
  • 

    When resistivity test is seriously affected by interference signal, resulting in poor data quality, the mainframe will automatically evaluate the tested data and make the following adjustment and optimization:
    

    1) Broadens the emission period. The default measurement period of 0.8s can be broadened to 1.6s or 3.2S.
    

    2) Conducts iteration test automatically until the data quality meets the conditions. The default iteration is up to 10 times.
    

    3) As shown in the figure, the maximum number of automatic iterations could be set in the device environment variable management interface. The number “0” means to turn off automatic iteration.

  Sampling interval

  • Sampling interval

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  • 

    Sampling interval refers to the interval between every two sampling points. The sampling interval could be input in unit of ms when establishing a test task.

• Software upgrading and scalability

  GD-10  adopted upgradable design where the embedded software is fully upgradable. All clients are entitled to lifetime software upgrade service and enjoy the following benefits!
  
  -Gather demands and suggestions from clients worldwide and develop new functionalities, which would be implemented in new software versions to share these whole new global experiences.
  
  -Apart from software upgrades, GD-10 also provides high, medium, entry class level hardware, enabling every client to find models suited to their budget and requirements. As our clients’ business expands, when they have sufficient budget and demands for more advanced model, they can easily upgrade their instruments through license upgrading and purchasing relevant accessories.
  
  GD-10 monitoring host models are comprised of Senior、Advance、Supreme 2D/3D、Supreme 2D+/3D+. Detailed introductions to all the models are as follows:

  • Software upgrading and scalability

    1 of 1

  • GD-10  adopted upgradable design where the embedded software is fully upgradable. All clients are entitled to lifetime software upgrade service and enjoy the following benefits!
    

    
    

    -Gather demands and suggestions from clients worldwide and develop new functionalities, which would be implemented in new software versions to share these whole new global experiences.
    

    
    

    -Apart from software upgrades, GD-10 also provides high, medium, entry class level hardware, enabling every client to find models suited to their budget and requirements. As our clients’ business expands, when they have sufficient budget and demands for more advanced model, they can easily upgrade their instruments through license upgrading and purchasing relevant accessories.
    

    
    

    GD-10 monitoring host models are comprised of Senior、Advance、Supreme 2D/3D、Supreme 2D+/3D+. Detailed introductions to all the models are as follows:

  GD-10 Senior

  • GD-10 Senior

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  • GD-10 Senior 连接方式

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    GD-10 Senior is the minimum configuration mode in the GD-10 series. It can be used for 1D sounding (VES), including resistivity, IP and SP tests.
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    GD-10 Senior is the minimum configuration mode in the GD-10 series. It can be used for 1D sounding (VES), including resistivity, IP and SP tests.

  GD-10 Advanced

  • GD-10 Advanced connection diagram

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  • GD-10 Advanced series connection of multiple centralized boxes

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    GD-10 Advanced centralized system is used for SP, apparent resistivity and IP tests. Both the conventional VES and advanced 2D/3D Imaging can be used to test high density sections. The simple centralized system with standard configuration of 60 takeouts is easy to use.
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    GD-10 Advanced supports the series connection of multiple centralized boxes and is applicable to longer sections.

  GD-10 Supreme 2D/3D

  • GD-10 Supreme 2D/3D

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  • 

    GD-10 Supreme 2D/3D is an advanced configuration of the GD-10 series and can be used for 1D sounding and 2D/3D ERT measurements. The system adopts a unique centralized distributed design and uses a unique CL-10 two-way intelligent cable head to achieve electrode switching in ERT measurement to allow the section to continue infinitely, to meet the needs of deep profiling and 3D ERT exploration; The ERT resistivity measurements in wells, between wells and at the well bottom can be completed by connecting the distributed cable in the well.

  GD-10 Supreme 2D+/3D+

  • GD-10 Supreme 2D+/3D+

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  • GD-10 Supreme 2D+/3D+

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    GD-10 Supreme 2D+/3D+ centralized distributed system supports SP, resistivity and IP tests. It uses the unique dual take-out design. The emitting electrode and the receiving electrode are completely separated, greatly enhancing the quality of data.
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    GD-10 adopts a unique distributed centralized design with high reliability, facilitating 3D resistivity or IP test, greatly improving the efficiency of field tests.