GD-10 Resistivity and IP Imaging System

GD-10 system

Advanced Distributed Centralized System

simple and flexible

Video
GD-10 system

Advanced Distributed Centralized System

Flexible survey layout, convenient field operation

Video
GD-10 system

Advanced Distributed Centralized System

Flexible survey layout, convenient field operation

Video

Product Introduction

GD-10 is developed based on the latest digital and analog circuitry technique, making it the world leading multi-functional direct current (DC) method instrument. This equipment can be adopted in self-potential (SP), apparent resistivity and induced polarization (IP) surveys. Not only GD-10 supports regular ERT survey configurations, subsurface profiling using both 2D and 3D survey arrays are also supported. GD-10 is powerful in conventional surface ERT surveys, borehole testing, mining tunnels, marine and submarine surveys. Online monitoring mode is readily available for GD-10 to initiate remote automated survey and realize long-term unmanned field monitoring.

As for high-powered IP survey, the transmission module of GD-10 can be connected to external DC power supply up to 1200V (peak-to-peak 2400V) and output current up to 6A. GD-10 is highly compatible with independent external transmitter and implemented in extremely high-powered IP survey (>7200W). The unique IP profiling functionality is similar to ERT method, in which the cross-section profiling can be performed through multi-channel acquisition within single electrodes layout, thus enhancing the overall field survey efficiency.

In ERT survey, electrode placement impacts the overall survey efficiency. Field survey performance highly relies on the volume and weight of the cabling system, layout efficiency, module reliability and the robustness to adapt to environment and client demand. Geomative integrated the advantages of both conventional centralized cabling system and distributed cabling system, incorporating the low-cost and high reliability of the former with the high efficiency and infinitely extensible cable sections of the latter system. A distributed-centralized compacted cabling technique is hence developed, the Geomative. Each cable section is either 5 or 10 takeouts and is controlled through a centralized exchange control at the either end of the cabling heads, while the communication between the cabling heads and the measurement host adopted a distributed controlling approach. Not only long 2D cross-section profiling survey can be performed, 3D cross-section profiling is also feasible using this system which can be laid out simply, robust, and of high reliability.

GD-10 adopted modularized design and fully upgradable scheme, lowering the hardware maintenance and replacement cost. When clients intend to upgrade the purchased instrument, clients will only need to purchase corresponding license authorization and modules. Subsequent upgrades can be performed online through Geomative Studio directly and pre-purchased hardware resources are fully utilized. Furthermore, Geomative Studio software facilitates GD-10 geo-electrical measurement system to realize two major features:

Engineering management mode enables client to manage complicated task particulars and measurement data from field surveys.

Array configuration management function saves client the field operation time and enhance survey efficiency.

Main applications :

- Energy resources exploration - Seawater intrusion detection and dam inspection- Metal and non-metal mining resources prospecting - Borehole/Cross-borehole investigation- Groundwater resources exploration - Geological mapping- Underground contamination variation detection - Cavity exploration- Archeological studies - Well electrical resistivity testing- Real-time monitoring of landslides - Crosshole ERT- Sediment detection of river, lake and reservoir - Bedrock detection for pile foundation- Urban engineering exploration - Marine and submarine survey

Product function

1D Resistivity or IP

In 1D VES survey, transmission up to full power 7200W (1200V*6A) can be emitted to allow excited pulse signals to reach deeper strata. For small signals, up to 255 stacking amounts are allowed to enhance measurement accuracy. Prior to field testing, measurement array configurations and the electrode scanning parameters can be inputted into the monitoring host, thus reducing the time spent in field to enter the survey parameters and increase survey productivity.
- 1D Resistivity or IP
  
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In 1D VES survey, transmission up to full power 7200W (1200V*6A) can be emitted to allow excited pulse signals to reach deeper strata. For small signals, up to 255 stacking amounts are allowed to enhance measurement accuracy. Prior to field testing, measurement array configurations and the electrode scanning parameters can be inputted into the monitoring host, thus reducing the time spent in field to enter the survey parameters and increase survey productivity.
Supported 1D arrays (click for details) ：
- Supported 1D arrays (click for details) ：
  
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4P-VES
4P-VES

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Electrode connection: electrodes A, B, M and N are respectively connected to terminals A, B (∞), M and N of the mainframe.

In this measuring device, the measuring point O is the symmetric center of electrodes. MO=ON and AO=OB. After the current measuring point is measured, the four electrodes move simultaneously along the X-axis with certain distances among them, so that the measuring point O moves to the next measuring point along the X-axis. Since the set origin of coordinates is a fixed point on the X-axis (generally the midpoint of the first MN), the device is mainly used to research the lateral variation of resistivity.
Composite Profiling
Composite Profiling

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Electrode connection: electrodes A, B, M and N are respectively connected to terminals A, tri-polar B, M and N of the mainframe. The infinite remote electrode C is connected to the terminal B (∞) of the mainframe.

As shown in the above figure, the electrode arrangement of composite profiling is the same as that of composite electrical sounding. The same measuring point will produce two sets of measurement data: R0_a andR0_b. After the current measuring point is measured, electrodes A, M, N and B will move along the X-axis with certain distances among them to the next measuring point, so as to obtain the lateral variation of resistivity.
Dipole VES
Dipole VES

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Dipole device: The device is characterized in that current electrodes AB and measuring electrodes MN are dipoles, and there are certain distances among them. Since the four electrodes are on the same straight line, they are called axial dipoles. It is a combination of moving source profiling and sounding methods. Therefore, it’s applicable to research of resistivity variation at different depths along the profile.

Electrodes A, B, M and N are respectively connected to terminals A, B (∞), M and N of the mainframe.

Take a fixed point on the measuring point as the origin O. The distance between current dipoles AB and receiving dipoles MN is a. Profiling measurement is realized by keeping the relative positions of AB and MN unchanged and making A, B, M and M move simultaneously along the X-axis; sounding measurement is realized by moving AB (generally the displacement distance is a) and moving MN in new positions.
3P-VES
AMN Devices

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MNB device

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Electrode connection: A, M, N connected to the related ports of the mainframe A, M, N , infinity pole C connect the port B（∞） of the mainframe.

After starting the measurement, the mainframe is automatically powered by A and B (∞).

The electrode C is fixed far (infinite place), and the general OC is 5~10 times of OA or OB. Because the MN electrode is fixed, the measured point O is at the midpoint of the MN, so the A or B electrode is used to achieving the sounding test.

Electrode connection: the port of the M, N, B was connected to the related port of the mainframe M, N, B , infinity pole C instrument is connected at the mainframe' ports A (∞) .

After starting measurement, the mainframe is automatically powered by the mainframe ports A (∞) and B.

The electrode C is fixed (infinitely place) far , and the general OC is 5~10 times of OA or OB distance. Because the MN electrode is fixed, the measured point O is at the midpoint of the MN, the electrode of A or B is used to achieving the sounding test.
Mid-grandient
Mid-grandient

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Electrode connection: the electrodes of the mainframe A, B, M and N are connected to related ports of the mainframe A, B (∞), M and N.

This device is designed at the large and fixed distance of the power supply electrode AB; the measuring electrode MN is measured at a point 1/3 of the middle of the AB. Recorded the midpoint of MN. This arrangement is used to observe the resistivity change of the detect the position at certain depth related to the ground surface. The origin point O is defined at the middle of AB, and the X axis from A to B is in the positive direction. In addition to AB/2 and MN/2, the X axis coordinate X and the Y axis coordinate y of the MN midpoint will affect the device constants.
Customized arrays
Customized arrays

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Custom device: no limitation of the device, flexible. According to reality case, inputting the location information a, B, x, y, and then manually calculate the corresponding K value, and fill in the software for creating custom scripts.
2D ERT or IP Profiling

GD-10 ERT system is capable of conducting 2D cross-section profiling of ERT and IP in field. Through the array script management in Geomative Studio, clients can predefine survey parameters on PC prior to field surveys. Up to 3200W (800V*4A) transmission power can be deployed in field. GD-10 is equipped with both centralized cabling and distributed cabling system, to fulfill any complex field environment.

More survey layout solutions:
- 2D ERT or IP Profiling
  
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GD-10 ERT system is capable of conducting 2D cross-section profiling of ERT and IP in field. Through the array script management in Geomative Studio, clients can predefine survey parameters on PC prior to field surveys. Up to 3200W (800V*4A) transmission power can be deployed in field. GD-10 is equipped with both centralized cabling and distributed cabling system, to fulfill any complex field environment.

More survey layout solutions:
Conventional ERT（5 Takeouts Dual-Way Cable）
Mainframe in the middle of the measuring line

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Mainframe on the left side of the measuring line

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Mainframe on the right side of the measuring line

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In the single link resistivity mode, when a double-tap cable head is used, the electrode should connect to the tap P1; the maximum emitter current of this mode is 2A.

The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2 ：

The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2; ：

In the single link resistivity mode, when a double-tap cable head is used, the electrode should connect to the tap P1; the maximum emitter current of this mode is 2A.

The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2 ：

The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2; ：

In the single link resistivity mode, when a double-tap cable head is used, the electrode should connect to the tap P1; the maximum emitter current of this mode is 2A.

The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2 ：

The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2; ：
Conventional ERT（10 Takeouts Cable）
Mainframe in the middle of the measuring line

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Mainframe on the left side of the measuring line

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Mainframe on the right side of the measuring line

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In the single link resistivity mode, when a single-tap cable head is used, one cable has 24 taps. In configuration of the whole system, according to users’ demands, N cables are equipped with N+1 cable heads.

The maximum current is 2A.

In the single link resistivity mode, when a single-tap cable head is used, one cable has 24 taps. In configuration of the whole system, according to users’ demands, N cables are equipped with N+1 cable heads.

The maximum current is 2A.

In the single link resistivity mode, when a single-tap cable head is used, one cable has 10 taps. In configuration of the whole system, according to users’ demands, N cables are equipped with N+1 cable heads.

The maximum current is 2A.
GD-10 Advanced 2D，Conventional ERT
Centralized 30 electrodes system

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Centralized 60 electrodes system

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Centralized 90 electrodes system

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Centralized 120 electrodes system

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GD-10 traditional centralized system; standard configuration of 60 taps; easy to use; applicable to multiple exchange boxes in series connection and longer sections.

GD-60 traditional centralized system; standard configuration of 60 taps; easy to use; applicable to multiple exchange boxes in series connection and longer sections.

GD-90 traditional centralized system; standard configuration of 60 taps; easy to use; applicable to multiple exchange boxes in series connection and longer sections.

GD-120 traditional centralized system; standard configuration of 60 taps; easy to use; applicable to multiple exchange boxes in series connection and longer sections.
Conventional IP
Mainframe in the middle of the measuring line

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Mainframe on the left side of the measuring line

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In the single link IP mode, the electrode should connect to the tap P1 to act as the single link emitting electrode, and the solid non-polarized electrode should connect to the tap P2 to act as the receiving electrode. The unique double-tap design separates emitting from receiving, fully guaranteeing the data accuracy. The maximum emitter current is 2A.

The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2; ： The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2 ：

In the single link IP mode, the electrode should connect to the tap P1 to act as the single link emitting electrode, and the solid non-polarized electrode should connect to the tap P2 to act as the receiving electrode. The unique double-tap design separates emitting from receiving, fully guaranteeing the data accuracy. The maximum emitter current is 2A.
Dual-takeout ERT Survey
Dual-takeout ERT Survey

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Duplex resistivity: Electrodes should connect to taps P1 and P2 simultaneously. The electrode is both the emitting electrode and the receiving electrode. The maximum emitter current of this mode is 4A.

The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2 ： The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2
Dual-takeout IP Survey
Dual-takeout IP Survey

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In the duplex IP mode, two rows of cables should be arranged in parallel, respectively connecting to the left and right ends of the L-type jumper wire. Taps P1 and P2 connecting to the left end of the L-type jumper wire also connect to the stainless steel electrode to act as the emitting electrode. The cable P2 connecting to the right end of the L-type jumper wire connects to the solid non-polarized electrode to act as the receiving electrode. The maximum emitter current of this mode is 4A.

The tap of the high end close to the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2; ： The tap of the high end away from the mainframe is P1, and the other is P2
Supported array configurations (click for details)
- Supported array configurations (click for details)
  
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Wenner（α）
Wenner（α）

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【Descriptions】When measuring, defined AM=MN=NB as an electrode spacing, moving A, B, M, N at the same time point at the right directions for getting the first profile line; then increasing the AM, MN, NB more one electrode spacing, moving the location A, B, M, N at the right directions for getting the another profile line; After constant scanning measuring like this ways, the trapezoidal section is appeared.

【Feactures】The measurement section is trapezoidal.
Wenner（β）
Wenner（β）

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[features] measurement section obtrapezoid.
[description] when measuring AB=BM=MN as an electrode spacing, A, B, M, N at the same time point moves to the right and get the first profile; then AB, BM, MN increased by one electrode spacing, A, B, M, N point to the right move, get another profile; this constant scanning down, get trapezoidal section.
Wenner（γ）
Wenner（γ）

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[features] measurement section obtrapezoid.
[description] when measuring AM=MB=BN as an electrode spacing, A, B, M, N at the same time point moves to the right and get the first profile; then AM, MB, BN increased by one electrode spacing, A, B, M, N point to the right move, get another profile; this constant scanning down, get trapezoidal section.
Pole-Dipole（AMN）
Pole-Dipole（AMN）

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【Feactures】The measurement section is trapezoidal.
【Descriptions】When measuring, defined the AM=MN as an electrode spacing. A, M, N points moving to the right at the same time for getting the first profile line; then increasing the AM and MN more than an electrode spacing,keep A, M, N point to the right move for getting another profile; After constant scanning down,trapezoidal section is appeared.
Dipole-Pole（MNB）
Dipole-Pole（MNB）

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【Feactures】The measurement section is trapezoidal.the M, N, B correspond to connect the the terminals of M, N, B (H-infinity).
【Descriptions】When measuring keep the MN=NB as a standard electrode spacing, Moving the M, N, B point at the right directions for getting the first profile line; then increasing the MN and NB more an electrode spacing, M, N, B point to the right move for getting another profile line; After constant scanning down as above modes,the trapezoidal section appeared.
Pole-Pole（AM）
Pole-Pole（AM）

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【Feactures】The measuring section is parallelogram.
【Descriptions】When measuring,fixed the location of A,Moving the point M at right directions and getting a rolling line; then moving point A and M at right directions about one electrode.Fixed point A, M point moves to the right fpr get another rolling line; After constant measuring rolling down like this ways,the parallelogram section is appeared.
Dipole-Dipole
Dipole-Dipole

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【Feactures】The measuring section is parallelogram.

【Descriptions】When measuring ,fixed the location of A, B. keep moving the location of the M, N at the right direction to get a rolling line; Then fixed the location ofA, B, keep moving the location of the M, N at the right directions about one electrode for get another rolling line; continuous rolling mode as above for get four parallel measurement, edge section.
Schlumberger
Schlumberger

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【Feactures】The measurement section is trapezoidal.
【Descriptions】When measuring, defined the AM=MN=NB as an electrode spacing, A, B, M, N at the same time point moves to the right for getting the first profile line; then increasing the AM and NB more an electrode spacing, keep the MN is an electrode spacing, with moving the point A, B, M, N at right directions for getting another profile line; after continuous scanning down like this modes,the trapezoidal section is appeared.
Wenner-Schlumberger
Wenner-Schlumberger

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【Feactures】Wenner - Schlumberger is a variant (Pazdirek and Blaha, 1996), its high sensitivity value is below of the present measuring electrode. With the appropriate horizontal and vertical resolution, but the detection depth is surficial, difficult to use a single method in 3D.

【Descriptions】When the N factor is greater than 2, this arrangement is effectively transformed into Wen-Sch mode. As for a commonly designed electrode spacing for a device, it is actually a suitable device and arrangement of mixed Wen-Sch.In addition to the better level contains with the maximum depth of penetration, this arrangement is about 15% more than wenner device. Note: when the N factor is 1, the Wenner array is a special case of a wenner-schlumberger.
Edge Gradient
Edge Gradient

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Pole running mode:
1.Fixed A at the first electrode for first, and then moving the piont B from the fourth to the end of the electrodes, if the B in the fourth electrode, the measuring point M N 2 3 position, and then keep B to move a spacing positions, Such as B electrode in fifth electrode measurement, M and N were respectively 2 3 and 3 4 position data in order to push B to this mode until the end. (MN always keeps one electrode spacing)
2．When the B moves at the end and measuring finished, keep the B in the end, Moving the location of A from 1 to the end of ahead of 4 electrodes. such as if the A in the second electrodes, B in the last (64) electrode, then measure the MN of 34, 45, 56, 6 7,7 8......... 62 63 ect, by this sort until A moves to the ahead of 4 electrodes. (MN always keeps one electrode spacing).
Double Side-3P
Double Side-3P

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Cross-Hole Dipole
Cross-Hole Dipole

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【Feactures】The measuring section is parallelogram.
【Descriptions】When measuring, the rolling line is formed with that the location of A, B is fixed, N,M was moved among the right directions at the same time; Then A, B, M, N and move at distance one electrode at the right, A, B fixed,and keep the M, N moving at the same time right that will got another rolling line; continuous rolling modes as above and get parallelogram and sections.
【Attentions】Different from other measuring methods defined.when start to measuring, It is required that the actual distance and it's electrodes number of A and B is not less than B number and it's related electrodes in the reality ways. but it does not require A and B must have electrodes.
Bipole Up-Hole
Bipole Up-Hole

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Layouts' mode: a line is laid out both inside and outside of the well, When creating scripts, the number of electrodes inside and outside the well needs to be defined first.
Pole Running Mode：
1.C1P1 = C2P2 = a defined spacing
Fixed the location of the C2P2 (away from the electrode inside the well), and measuring the location C1P1 up and down, moving the distance between two electrodes until the end.
The C2P2 was moved at two electrodes spacing among the near electrode of the well, and the C1P1 is measured up and down. The distance for moving at two electrodes spacing.
Increasing the C1P1 = C2P2 spacing.
Customized arrays
Customized

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【Feactures】The measuring point is not limited by the device and can be distributed arbitrarily.

【Descriptions】According to the actual position of A, B, M and N,measuring the distance of AM, AN, BN and BM ,and calculating the value K manually according to the formula. The customized pole running mode (excel format) is edited as the and imported into mainframe to measure the value.
3D ERT or IP Profiling

Using GD-10 ERT measurement system, the sectional centralized cabling layout can be deployed robustly in a snakelike layout pattern to perform 3D ERT and IP survey. Up to 3200W (800V*4A) can be transmitted under this mode. If ERT cabling is insufficient, limited cabling can be deployed in a dual-direction shifting combination or multiple paralleled 2D survey line data fusion method to cover a larger 3D region.
- 3D ERT or IP Profiling
  
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Using GD-10 ERT measurement system, the sectional centralized cabling layout can be deployed robustly in a snakelike layout pattern to perform 3D ERT and IP survey. Up to 3200W (800V*4A) can be transmitted under this mode. If ERT cabling is insufficient, limited cabling can be deployed in a dual-direction shifting combination or multiple paralleled 2D survey line data fusion method to cover a larger 3D region.
Supported 3D arrays(click for details)
- Supported 3D arrays(click for details)
  
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Wenner（α）
Wenner（α）

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Wenner (α): is a special case of a symmetric four-pole array k = 2πa (where MN = a)

In measurement, the horizontal measuring line, the longitudinal measuring line and the diagonal measuring line are all arranged with AM=MN=NB as one electrode space; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form a profile line. Increase one electrode space for AM, MN and NB; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form another profile line; repeat the process till the measurement is finished. Cross-diagonal measurement and Γ measurement are supported.

This array has the highest signal-to-noise ratio and a good vertical resolution, but the horizontal resolution is poor, and only one channel of the multi-channel instrument is used.
Wenner（β）
Wenner（β）

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Wenner (β): k=6πa (where MN=a)
In measurement, the horizontal measuring line, the longitudinal measuring line and the diagonal measuring line are all arranged with AB=BM=MN as one electrode space; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form a profile line. Increase one electrode space for AB, BM and MN; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form another profile line. repeat the process till the measurement is finished.
Schlunmberger
Schlunmberger

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Schlunmberger: in measurement, the horizontal measuring line, the longitudinal measuring line and the diagonal measuring line are all arranged with AM=MN=NB as one electrode space; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form a profile line. Increase one electrode space for AM and NB; there is always one electrode space between M and N; A, B, M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form another profile line. Repeat the process till the measurement is finished.
AB/2 should be five times greater than MN; the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution are almost the same as that of Wenner arrangement; only one channel of the multi-channel instrument is used.
Dipole-Dipole
Dipole-Dipole

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[Feature] The measuring section is a parallelogram.
[Description] In measurement, A and B remain still; M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form a rolling line; A, B, M and N simultaneously move one electrode to the right, A and B remain still; M and N simultaneously move to the right point by point to form another rolling line. Repeat the rolling measurement to obtain a parallelogram section.
Pole-Dipole
Pole-Dipole

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The pole-dipole array, unlike other conventional arrangements, is an asymmetrical arrangement. The apparent resistivity anomalies obtained with this arrangement are also asymmetrical. In some places, the asymmetry of the apparent resistivity anomalies obtained will affect the inversion results. One way to eliminate this asymmetry effect is to use a reverse arrangement (Figure c) to repeat the measurements. By combining the positive and negative (Figures a and c) measurements, any impact of asymmetry on the model results will be eliminated with a pole-dipole arrangement.

When the factor n is too large, the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured data may be too small. In order to increase the signal strength, the distance between the two measuring electrodes M and N (Figure b) can be increased.

The pole-dipole array supports cross-diagonal measurement and Γ measurement, and this arrangement is particularly suitable for automatic data acquisition of multi-channel instruments.
Pole-Pole
Pole-Pole

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The pole-pole arrangement is an electrode arrangement commonly used in 3D measurement, where R is the measuring resistivity and a is the distance between electrodes A and M; it supports three measurement modes.
When the number of electrodes is constant, the maximum number of independent points that can be measured is obtained by the following formula: nmax = ne (ne-1)/2.
Mid gradient
Mid gradient

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Use the four-pole AMNB array; A and B are current electrodes; M and N are measuring electrodes; the space between current electrodes A and B is very large; MN = (1/50~1/30) AB; in operation, A and B are fixed; M and N simultaneously move in the middle part of AB (1/2~1/3) AB; carry out measurement point by point; the measuring point is the midpoint of MN. The mid gradient method is mainly used to find the steep high-resistance thin veins (such as quartz veins and pegmatite veins).
High-powered IP Mid-gradient Profiling

Geomative is the first in the industry to adopt ERT modules in the high-powered IP mid-gradient cross-sectional profiling. Similar to the ERT method, clients can deploy a pair of AB electrodes and multiple sets of non-polarizable electrodes. AB transmitting electrode is connected to the AB terminal port on the monitoring host, while the non-polarizable electrodes are connected to the ERT cables takeouts. During IP survey, the host instrument emits electrical signal simultaneously and sequentially select MN electrodes in automated mode. Under sufficient amount of cabling and electrodes, the whole lateral cross-sectional profiling can be accomplished in one run, with a significant enhancement in survey efficiency. If signal emission is performed using external transmitter, clients can simply connect the AB terminal port of GD-10 host to the emission circuit in series. GD-10 will automatically monitor and detect the transmitted electrical signals, triggering and synchronizing the MN acquisition channels simultaneously.
- High-powered IP Mid-gradient Profiling
  
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Geomative is the first in the industry to adopt ERT modules in the high-powered IP mid-gradient cross-sectional profiling. Similar to the ERT method, clients can deploy a pair of AB electrodes and multiple sets of non-polarizable electrodes. AB transmitting electrode is connected to the AB terminal port on the monitoring host, while the non-polarizable electrodes are connected to the ERT cables takeouts. During IP survey, the host instrument emits electrical signal simultaneously and sequentially select MN electrodes in automated mode. Under sufficient amount of cabling and electrodes, the whole lateral cross-sectional profiling can be accomplished in one run, with a significant enhancement in survey efficiency. If signal emission is performed using external transmitter, clients can simply connect the AB terminal port of GD-10 host to the emission circuit in series. GD-10 will automatically monitor and detect the transmitted electrical signals, triggering and synchronizing the MN acquisition channels simultaneously.
Features

GD-20 system has rich and powerful software functionalities, assisting clients to resolve multiple complications during field survey, enhancing survey efficiency and data quality. Detailed functionality is introduced below (click for details):
- Features
  
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GD-20 system has rich and powerful software functionalities, assisting clients to resolve multiple complications during field survey, enhancing survey efficiency and data quality. Detailed functionality is introduced below (click for details):
Set the start/end electrodes
Set the start/end electrodes

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According to user’s needs and requirements, the mainframe can customize starting/ending electrode for measurement. As shown in the figure, the starting electrode is selected as 20, and the ending electrode 40, so the test will measure the points corresponding to electrode 20 to 40.
Skip takeouts
Skip takeouts

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Skip takeouts

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The standard internal of our cable taps is 5m and 10m. If the internal of the tested electrode is required to be more than the tap internal of the cable itself, skipping tap can meet the requirement. The setting range is 0-4. The picture above shows how to skip a tap.

The skipping electrode (if needed) should be selected when creating a test task as shown above
Ignore take-out
Ignore take-out

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Unoccupied tap can be used to remove bad points found when some electrodes cannot be normally arranged due to certain abnormal cable tap or topographic conditions.
Set the start/end layers
Set the start/end layers

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As shown in the figure, the testing layer can be selected as required when creating a test task. For example, if 5-17 layers are selected, the test will only measure and display the data of the 5-17 layers.
Contact resistance
Contact resistance

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VSE ground resistance test

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ERT ground resistance test

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Settings of ground resistance threshold value

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Ground resistance test is mainly used to check the contact conditions between the electrode and the cable and between the electrode and the geotechnical body. It is an important functional step for environmental inspection before testing data.

VES ground resistance is divided into MN and AB ground resistances. The MN ground resistance can be directly measured after the environment is prepared, while AB ground resistance should be measured by connecting the AB line to CH1-M and CH1-N binding posts.

2D and 3D ground resistance test methods are the same. The connection mode of single resistivity only needs to measure P1 ground resistance, while P2 ground resistance needs to be tested for double resistivity, and single IP double IP P1.

The process of measuring ground resistance will display different statuses according to the measuring value of the ground resistance to remind user of whether the grounding condition is good or not.

1. Short circuit: the value of ground resistance is less than 20Ω;

2. Normal: the value of ground resistance is between 20Ω and the threshold value;

3. Oversize: the value of ground resistance is between the threshold value and 20,000Ω;

4. Open circuit: the value of ground resistance is over 20,000Ω.

As shown, the resistance threshold value can be set in environment variables of devices management.
Multi-dimensional data display
Multi-dimensional data display

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Details of resistivity data

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Details of IP data

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Section grap

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Profile graph

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Comprehensive view

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Attenuation curve of IP data

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The mainframe displays all the problems, field discoveries and real-time positioning fully and accurately in real time and multi-dimension.

1) Profile

2) Scatter plot

3) Original data oscillogram

ERT resistivity task data list details page shows detailed data information: A, B, M, N, I, V, R0, SP, R0-itemrative deviation, and also the total and remaining number of points and the remaining test time in the test process.

ERT IP task data details: A, B, M, N, I, V, R0, M0, R0/M0-itemrative deviation, and also the total and remaining number of points and the remaining test time in the test process.

The R0 of the test task data can be expressed in the form of cross-section diagram which can visualize the real-time distribution of R0 size in the tested diagram. Bad points that occur during the test may affect the display of color code. The diagram can be re-viewed by editing the maximum or minimum R0. Data testing can also be performed at the interface section grap.

The profile can visualize the real time trend of the tested section R0, and the R0 data smooth graph of adjacent interval can reflect some abnormal points.

The comprehensive view can display data of the current points, position of the profile and the attenuation curve, and visualize the data quality of the current points.

The IP attenuation curve can reflect the quality of the current data and determine the interference degree to data.
Roll-along testing
Advantages of rolling test

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Wiring method of rolling measurement

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Wiring method of rolling measurement

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Software settings for the rolling function

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Software settings for the rolling function

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It has solved the problem of long-section measurement.

1) The finite cable completes the long section measurement;

2) Long section measurement is completed in section;

3) Non-repeated point measurement gives a high efficiency.

The mainframe is placed in the middle of the measuring line. The rolling method uses the left and right interfaces of the conversion box at the same time. Place the mainframe in the middle of the measuring lines, connect the cable to be rolled to the end of the last section measuring lines after section measurement is completed, and conduct the measurement without moving the position of the mainframe. After the rolling measurement is completed, the long-section data is automatically synthesized. Take the tap system as an example, two high density cables at most can be moved at a time.

Place the mainframe on one side of the measuring line. The rolling method as shown is method to use only one high density cable interface of the mainframe. When measuring, place the mainframe on one side of the measuring lines, connect the cable to be rolled to end of the last measuring lines after the section measurement is completed, and conduct the measurement by moving the mainframe forward to connect to one side of the section, and so on, until the rolling measurement of the whole long section is completed. After the rolling measurement is completed, the long-section data is automatically synthesized. Take the tap system as an example, two high density cables at most can be moved at a time.

When creating a test task, the default rolling function is “No” which refers not to turn on. If a rolling test is required, one or two measuring lines can be selected to roll when creating a test task.

If the rolling function is selected when creating a test task, a rolling surface can be added on the test data page. Determine whether to scroll one or two measuring lines at a time based on the previous settings. The rolling surface can be set before or after testing the current section.
Stacking
Principle and definition of Stacking

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Geomative studio script creation iteration settings

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GD-10 creation of task iteration settings

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Automatic iteration

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If resistivity and IP testing are affected by environmental interference or grounding conditions, resulting in poor test data, we will perform single point multi-iteration measurements and synthesize the results of multiple measurements.

On the Geomative Studio software, when a creating script, the number of iterations could be set for the data points, ranging from 1 to 255. When a script is established and set, download the script to the mainframe.

When creating a test task on the mainframe, the measurement is performed by default by the number of iterations set in the Geomative Studio script creation. The number of iterations can be reset. As shown in the figure, the number of iterations is 5, and then all points of the test task will take iteration test for 5 times.

When resistivity test is seriously affected by interference signal, resulting in poor data quality, the mainframe will automatically evaluate the tested data and make the following adjustment and optimization:
1) Broadens the emission period. The default measurement period of 0.8s can be broadened to 1.6s or 3.2S.
2) Conducts iteration test automatically until the data quality meets the conditions. The default iteration is up to 10 times.
3) As shown in the figure, the maximum number of automatic iterations could be set in the device environment variable management interface. The number “0” means to turn off automatic iteration.
Sampling interval
Sampling interval

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Sampling interval refers to the interval between every two sampling points. The sampling interval could be input in unit of ms when establishing a test task.
Software upgrading and scalability

GD-10 adopted upgradable design where the embedded software is fully upgradable. All clients are entitled to lifetime software upgrade service and enjoy the following benefits!

-Gather demands and suggestions from clients worldwide and develop new functionalities, which would be implemented in new software versions to share these whole new global experiences.

-Apart from software upgrades, GD-10 also provides high, medium, entry class level hardware, enabling every client to find models suited to their budget and requirements. As our clients’ business expands, when they have sufficient budget and demands for more advanced model, they can easily upgrade their instruments through license upgrading and purchasing relevant accessories.

GD-10 monitoring host models are comprised of Senior、Advance、Supreme 2D/3D、Supreme 2D+/3D+. Detailed introductions to all the models are as follows:
- Software upgrading and scalability
  
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GD-10 adopted upgradable design where the embedded software is fully upgradable. All clients are entitled to lifetime software upgrade service and enjoy the following benefits!

-Gather demands and suggestions from clients worldwide and develop new functionalities, which would be implemented in new software versions to share these whole new global experiences.

-Apart from software upgrades, GD-10 also provides high, medium, entry class level hardware, enabling every client to find models suited to their budget and requirements. As our clients’ business expands, when they have sufficient budget and demands for more advanced model, they can easily upgrade their instruments through license upgrading and purchasing relevant accessories.

GD-10 monitoring host models are comprised of Senior、Advance、Supreme 2D/3D、Supreme 2D+/3D+. Detailed introductions to all the models are as follows:
GD-10 Senior
GD-10 Senior

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GD-10 Senior 连接方式

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GD-10 Senior is the minimum configuration mode in the GD-10 series. It can be used for 1D sounding (VES), including resistivity, IP and SP tests.

GD-10 Senior is the minimum configuration mode in the GD-10 series. It can be used for 1D sounding (VES), including resistivity, IP and SP tests.
GD-10 Advanced
GD-10 Advanced connection diagram

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GD-10 Advanced series connection of multiple centralized boxes

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GD-10 Advanced centralized system is used for SP, apparent resistivity and IP tests. Both the conventional VES and advanced 2D/3D Imaging can be used to test high density sections. The simple centralized system with standard configuration of 60 takeouts is easy to use.

GD-10 Advanced supports the series connection of multiple centralized boxes and is applicable to longer sections.
GD-10 Supreme 2D/3D
GD-10 Supreme 2D/3D

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GD-10 Supreme 2D/3D is an advanced configuration of the GD-10 series and can be used for 1D sounding and 2D/3D ERT measurements. The system adopts a unique centralized distributed design and uses a unique CL-10 two-way intelligent cable head to achieve electrode switching in ERT measurement to allow the section to continue infinitely, to meet the needs of deep profiling and 3D ERT exploration; The ERT resistivity measurements in wells, between wells and at the well bottom can be completed by connecting the distributed cable in the well.
GD-10 Supreme 2D+/3D+
GD-10 Supreme 2D+/3D+

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GD-10 Supreme 2D+/3D+

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GD-10 Supreme 2D+/3D+ centralized distributed system supports SP, resistivity and IP tests. It uses the unique dual take-out design. The emitting electrode and the receiving electrode are completely separated, greatly enhancing the quality of data.

GD-10 adopts a unique distributed centralized design with high reliability, facilitating 3D resistivity or IP test, greatly improving the efficiency of field tests.

Product features

Automated stacking for data quality enhancement

During the data measurement process, GD-10 automatically analyzes signal strength and data quality to determine whether long measurement period and stacking mode should be activated. For sites with strong signal and good data quality, measurement system continuously sweep and scans in high efficiency mode until bad data quality is detected, in which long measurement period or stacking mode would be elaborated to enhance data quality to the maximum extent. Clients can also set stacking amount according to any survey points, survey layers or individual tasks.

Unique sectional centralized mode of GD-10 measurement system

GD-10 series is designed with unique sectional centralized survey layout mode. This technique fully integrated the advantages of both conventional centralized cabling system and distributed cabling system, incorporating the advantages of simple cabling placement and long profiling survey from distributed system, and the simple, reliable and low-cost characteristic from centralized cabling system.

Multidimensional data display, Discover and deal with all issues on-the-spot, instant positioning

Monitoring host instrument provides extremely rich software functionality, to assist clients in handling issues and adjusting settings under different field applications. This allows the data recording of various ambient data and survey procedures in a fashion as real, complete, objective as possible. Detailed functionalities are as follow:

Scatter plot illustrates the R0 oscillation degree of each layers to directly determine data quality
Voltage-current plot of each survey points can be examined. Attenuation curves are shown for IP surveys and evaluate data quality through the curves.
R0 profiles is shown and markers can be manually edited for easy observation.
Main interface displays I, V, R0, η, M, the electrode locations of A, B, M and N. The bottom greyed interface shows the grayscale bar of V, I, R0, standard deviation at any specific survey locations. Total survey points, remaining survey points and estimated time remaining are also displayed during data acquisition.

Rich array database and customized array scripts

Different geophysical exploration may encounter vast difference in their survey objective, environment, approach, response signal and so on. Survey methods should hence be robust and flexible enough to tackle all possible scenarios. Based on programmable and customizable survey concept, Geomative introduced survey scripting method, enabling clients to plan detailed survey configurations, electrode location and stacking amount, prior to their field surveys.

After array configuration is selected, Geomative Studio automatically generates survey script according to array required electrode location relationship. Clients can preset filter conditions to pinpoint the targeted region. Monitoring host skips trivial survey points during field survey and only measures data points within the targeted region, which would effectively shorten the overall measurement duration efficiently.

Stacking amount can be defined in the scripts by survey points or layers. Measurement can be conducted faster for stronger signals at shallow layers without any data stackings. As for deeper layers with weaker signals, data stacking amount is required to enhance survey accuracy. Survey point measurement sequence adjustment to increase the survey interval between neighboring survey points can reduce the noise interferences between the neighboring points. If customized survey configuration is required, the array relationship of electrode locations can be fully defined by clients by using Microsoft® Excel to edit survey point configuration and perform customized measurements.

Support self-defined scripts and script cropping
Support three types of array survey method, including survey by layer, roll-along survey, survey by interval skipping.
Comprehensive standard array database, including Wenner, Schlumberger, Wenner-Schlumberger, Pole-Pole, Pole-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Crosshole Dipole-Dipole, Bipole-dipole arrays and so forth.

Powerful roll-along survey, 3D and pseudo-3D profiling

Roll-along testing, no repeated survey points, robust roll-along approach and highly efficient.
Efficient pseudo 3D mid-gradient profiling.
Distributed 3D survey , separated transmitter and receiver to achieve high current survey.

Takeout skipping at equal intervals, empty multiple arbitrary takeouts, automatically remove defined survey points, achieve large-spacing survey using small-spacing cabling layout

Takeout skipping function can be used to increase survey spacing, up to four takeout spacing skipping is supported.
When arbitrary takeouts cannot be connected to electrodes or is broken, takeout skipping function can be activated to resolve this issue to prevent anomalies in measured dataset.

Robust, efficient, simple cabling placement, dual-takeout mode doubles up current threshold value

Rapid cabling placement, flexible monitoring host placement location and can be placed arbitrarily at any cable connectors.
In dual-takeout mode, the upper limit of the varying current increases from 2A to 4A, enhancing signal and data quality simultaneously.

Direct stacking of electrical resistivity, satisfying clients’ needs for data quality and survey efficiency enhancement

Monitoring host intelligently identify data quality, automatically activate data stacking for survey points with bad data quality to reduce random noise interference to dataset.

Perfect DC resolution

BP-450 power supply, lithium battery, compact and high C/P value, supports three voltage level of 150V, 300V and 450V with current limitation function.
GP-5000 current rectifier supports maximum power of 5kW, established on the latest digital power supply technique with adjustable output voltage range of 50-1000V, maximum current of 5A and conversion efficiency over 90%.
BP145 power supply supports three voltage level testing of 48V, 96V and 144V. Supports up to 2A current output and multiple host series connection. High stability and reliability with high C/P value.

Product Accessories

CE5 Multi-electrode cable
- CE5 Multi-electrode cable
  
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- CE5 ERT cable
  
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A CE5 single- take-outs Multi-electrode cable has 5 take-outs in total. In the standard configuration, the spaces between take-outs are 5m and 10m. With the dual take-outs design, emission and collection are separated during the IP test, reducing signal interference. The cable is omni-directional, sturdy and durable, and can meet the requirements of IP and resistivity tests.

Space ： 5m/10m

Number of taps ： 5

Maximum Voltage ： 800V

Maximum Current ： 4A

Weight ： 3.6kg/5.6kg

Protection level ： IP66

CE5 ERT cable supports duplex mode tests. The maximum transmitting current is 4A.

Space ： 5m/10m

Number of taps ： 5

Maximum Voltage ： 800V

Maximum Current ： 4A

Weight ： 3.6kg/5.6kg

Protection level ： IP66
GD-10 mainframe
- GD-10 mainframe
  
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- GD-10 mainframe
  
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- GD-10 mainframe
  
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- GD-10 mainframe
  
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- GD-10 mainframe
  
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- GD-10 mainframe
  
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- GD-10 mainframe
  
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Mainframe’s function: used for tests of 1D, 2D and 3D devices with the high density electrical method, IP method and self-potential method.

Main application: groundwater resource exploration, energy resource exploration, metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources investigation, urban engineering exploration, cave exploration, pile foundation bedrock, underground pollutant change detection, saltwater intrusion detection, dam detection, underground tank leak detection, borehole/cross-hole detection, geological mapping and archaeological research.

Maximum Tx Voltage ： 800V

Maximum Tx current ： 4A

Input Voltage range ： ±24V

Working temperature ： -10°C~+50°C

Pulse time ： 0.5、2、4、8、16s

Screen size ： 5.7inch

Protection level ： IP65

Weight ： 8kg

Dimension ： 39cm*20cm*29cm

The aluminium alloy shell design is sturdy and light with good heat dissipation performance, allowing the device to work in a harsh working environment and effectively protecting the internal precision parts. The metal shell forms an electrostatic screen which can effectively enhance the capacity of resisting disturbance. The handle adopts industrial rubber, sturdy and reliable, and has excellent shockproof effects, effectively protecting the mainframe in case of accidental shakes and falls in field application.

Max Tx voltage ： 800V

Max Tx current ： 4A

Input Voltage range ： ±24V

Working temperature ： -10°C~+50°C

Pulse time ： 0.5、2、4、8、16s

Screen size ： 5.7inch

Protection level ： IP65

Weight ： 8kg

Dimension ： 39cm*20cm*29cm

The 5.7-inch LCD screen is bright and clear under direct sunlight. The man-machine interface is in Chinese. Collection parameter setting, data display & storage, curve plotting, etc. are accessed quickly and visually; the 16.8V high-capacity lithium battery is used. When fully charged, the device can be used for over 24h. The interface displays the battery capacity, health status and other information. An external power port is provided. In case of low battery in the field, the device can connect to an external 30V-60V DC source, so that you can complete the field measurement.

Max Tx voltage ： 800V

Max Tx current ： 4A

Input Voltage range ： ±24V

Working temperature ： -10°C~+50°C

Pulse time ： 0.5、2、4、8、16s

Screen size ： 5.7inch

Protection level ： IP65

Weight ： 8kg

Dimension ： 39cm*20cm*29cm

The structure of the whole machine is reasonably designed. Components are embedded in the side plates to reduce accidental touch. With a protection level of IP65, the device adapts to all kinds of complex field environments. It has the advantages of moisture protection, long life, etc. It also provides reverse connection protection, short circuit protection, loophole protection, lightning protection, open circuit detection and alarm reminder.

Max Tx voltage ： 800V

Max Tx current ： 4A

Input Voltage range ： ±24V

Working temperature ： -10°C~+50°C

Pulse time ： 0.5、2、4、8、16s

Screen size ： 5.7inch

Protection level ： IP65

Weight ： 8kg

Dimension ： 39cm*20cm*29cm

GD10 is characterized by a large power supply, ultra-wide measuring range, ultrahigh precision, and so on. The maximum emission for one-dimensional sounding reaches 1200V, 6A; two-dimensional and three-dimensional high-density IP support the emission of 800V, 4A; the collection voltage is increased to ±24V. The current and voltage accuracy and polarization rate measurement accuracy are as high as 0.3% ± 1uA.

Max Tx voltage ： 800V

Max Tx current ： 4A

Input Voltage range ： ±24V

Working temperature ： -10°C~+50°C

Pulse time ： 0.5、2、4、8、16s

Screen size ： 5.7inch

Protection level ： IP65

Weight ： 8kg

Dimension ： 39cm*20cm*29cm

GD10 uses analog and digital multi-level high-precision filtering, signal enhancement and strong noise suppression technology and adopts auto compensation for the natural potential, drifting and electrode polarization; the mainframe is provided with automatic iteration function; an automatic iteration test is conducted to poor-quality points with an upper limit of 10 times, which can effectively eliminate the error caused by accidental interference, so that the instrument is better applied to the work in the high resistance area to obtain more stable and accurate measurement results.

Max Tx voltage ： 800V

Max Tx current ： 4A

Input Voltage range ： ±24V

Working temperature ： -10°C~+50°C

Pulse time ： 0.5、2、4、8、16s

Screen size ： 5.7inch

Protection level ： IP65

Weight ： 8kg

Dimension ： 39cm*20cm*29cm

GD10 is stable and efficient. It takes only 12 minutes to test a set of 529 points. The task interface shows the remaining points and the remaining time, making it easy to keep track of progress. The high-speed SD card storage is stable and reliable; there is no loss of data in case of accidental power failure; the capacity is 8G; the USB interface is used for data transmission, greatly improving the transmission speed.

Max Tx voltage ： 800V

Max Tx current ： 4A

Input Voltage range ： ±24V

Working temperature ： -10°C~+50°C

Pulse time ： 0.5、2、4、8、16s

Screen size ： 5.7inch

Protection level ： IP65

Weight ： 8kg

Dimension ： 39cm*20cm*29cm

GD10 also has an external 485 interface; you can communicate with external PLCs and realize remote control.

Max Tx voltage ： 800V

Max Tx current ： 4A

Input Voltage range ： ±24V

Working temperature ： -10°C~+50°C

Pulse time ： 0.5、2、4、8、16s

Screen size ： 5.7inch

Protection level ： IP65

Weight ： 8kg

Dimension ： 39cm*20cm*29cm
SR-10 cable leader
- SR-10 cable leader
  
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- SR-10 cable leader
  
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The shell of SR-10 is processed with PVC material, sturdy and light. Its high heat dissipation performance allows it to work in harsh environment, and can effectively protect the internal precision parts of the device and enhance the reliability and service life of the device. The cylindrical body and skid-proof grit finish of the shell make SR-10 more convenient to use.

Dimension ： 50x215mm

Weight ： 0.4kg

Protection ： IP67

Materials: Aluminium alloy ： PVC material

Insulation resistance ： 2500V/1GΩ

Working voltage ： 48V

The two ends of SR-10 adopt customized 19-core Amphenol military outlet with a protection level of IP67 which prevent dust and misplug; it connects and disconnects to our high density cables via push-pull self-locking, making SR-10 easy-to-use, sturdy and reliable.

Dimension ： 50x215mm

Weight ： 0.4KG

Protection ： IP67

Materials: Aluminium alloy ： PVC material

Insulation resistance ： 2500V/1GΩ

Working voltage ： 48V

SR-10 (two-way intelligent cable head): “Two-way” means the front end (GD-10) and the tail end (END). With connection to high density cables and L-type jumper wire, the GD-10 mainframe allows the direct current electrical system to realize left connection, right connection and left-and-right connection (the front end faces the mainframe in the three connection methods), so that customers can arrange the testing environment in a flexible, efficient and convenient way.

Dimension ： 50x215mm

Weight ： 0.4KG

Protection ： IP67

Materials: Aluminium alloy ： PVC material

Insulation resistance ： 2500V/1GΩ

Working voltage ： 48V

SR-10 (two-way intelligent cable head) functions as an “actuator” in the direct current electrical system. Its unique two-way control function allows it to control the high density cables in the front and tail ends, so as to realize high-power IP (maximum current 4A).

Dimension ： 50x215mm

Weight50x215mm ： 0.4KG

Protection ： IP67

Materials: Aluminium alloy ： Aluminum

Insulation resistance ： 2500V/1GΩ

Working voltage ： 48V
L type cable
- L type cable
  
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- L type cable
  
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- L type cable
  
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GD-10 L type cable is a device used to connect the mainframe and the high density cable of the connector.

Weight ： 1.6Kg

Cable length ： 2m

dimeter ： 8mm

Box length ： 113mm

Box width ： 70mm

Box height ： 46mm

Materials ： Aluminum

1) The black connector connects to the mainframe directly; the red and black outgoing inline thereon respectively connect to terminals A and B of GD10’s side plate.

2) The red aviation connector connects to the cable head and is on the mainframe’s right side.

3) The jumper wire box directly connects to the cable on the mainframe’s left side.

Weight ： 1.6Kg

Cable length ： 2m

dimeter ： 8mm

Box length ： 113mm

Box width ： 70mm

Box height ： 46mm

Materials ： Aluminum

The L type cable can connect to the right side, left side or both sides, so that the mainframe can be placed more flexibly.

Weight ： 1.6Kg

Cable length ： 2m

Diameter ： 8mm

Box length ： 113mm

Box width ： 70mm

Box height ： 46mm

Materials ： Aluminum
BP-145 power
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- BP-145 power
  
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- BP-145 power
  
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An aluminum alloy shell; sturdy and light; high heat dissipation performance allows it to work in a harsh environment and can effectively protect the internal precision components of the device, and enhance the reliability and service life of the device; the LED screen displays current voltage output; damping rings on side plates effectively protect the power source during accidental shakes and falls in field application.

Materials ： Aluminium alloy

Dimension ： 265*200*295mm

Weight ： 12.7kg

Protection level ： IP65

Insulation resistance ： 1000V/2GΩ

Working voltage of charger ： 110-240VAC

Output voltage ： 48VDC,96VDC,144 VDC

Maximum current output ： 2A

Capacity ： 144V/2AH

Working temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

Storage temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

BP-145 is the latest-generation digital DC power source which can provide 48V, 96V and 144V voltage outputs. The LED screen and the indicator light work together to display working conditions; the control panel is easy to operate, and the gear can be adjusted at any time; a power switch is provided to improve the electrical safety.

Function features: (1) The LED screen and the indicator light can display working conditions; (2) the control panel is easy to operate, and the gear can be adjusted at any time; (3) a power switch is provided to improve the electrical safety; (4) overcurrent protection and over discharge protection are supported; and (5) it takes 4-6 hours to complete charging.

Materials ： Aluminium alloy

Dimension ： 265*200*295mm

Weight ： 12.7kg

Protection level ： IP65

Insulation resistance ： 1000V/2GΩ

Working voltage of charger ： 110-240VAC

Output voltage ： 48VDC,96VDC,144VDC

Maximum current output ： 2A

Capacity ： 144V/2AH

Working temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

Storage temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

BP145 supports the use of a single battery or multiple batteries in series connection, up to 8 batteries in series, and supports 1200V/2A series power output.

Materials ： Aluminium alloy

Dimension ： 265*200*295mm

Weight ： 12.7kg

Protection level ： IP65

Insulation resistance ： 1000V/2GΩ

Working voltage of charger ： 110-240VAC

Output voltage ： 48VDC,96VDC,144VDC

Maximum current output ： 2A

Capacity ： 144V/2AH

Working temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

Storage temperature ： -10℃/+60℃
BP-450 power
- BP-450 power
  
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- BP-450 power
  
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- BP-450 power
  
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- BP-450 power
  
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An aluminum alloy shell; sturdy and light; high heat dissipation performance allows it to work in a harsh environment and can effectively protect the internal precision components of the device, and enhance the reliability and service life of the device; the LED screen displays current voltage output; damping rings on side plates effectively protect the power source during accidental shakes and falls in field application.

Materials ： Aluminum alloy

Dimension ： 265*200*295mm

Weight ： 12.7kg

Protection level ： IP65

Insulation resistance ： 1000V/2GΩ

Working voltage of charger ： 110-240VAC

Current limitation range ： 500mA-1A

Maximum output voltage ： 450VDC

Maximum current output ： 1A

Capacity ： 48V/23.4AH

Working temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

Storage temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

External input voltage ： 42-56VDC

BP-450 is the latest-generation digital DC power source which can provide 150V, 300V and 450V voltage outputs.

Function features: (1) The LED screen and the indicator light can display working conditions; (2) the control panel is easy to operate, and the gear can be adjusted at any time; (3) a power switch is provided and a 2.5A fuse is equipped to enhance the electrical safety; and (4) it takes 4-6 hours to complete charging.

Materials ： Aluminum alloy

Dimension ： 265*200*295mm

Weight ： 12.7kg

Protection level ： IP65

Insulation resistance ： 1000V/2GΩ

Working voltage of charger ： 110-240VAC

Current limitation range ： 500mA-1A

Maximum output voltage ： DC450V

Maximum current output ： 1A

Capacity ： 48V/23.4AH

Working temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

Storage temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

External input voltage ： 42-56VDC

BP450 has the current limiting function. When the current exceeds the pre-set value, the device will reduce voltage and limit current automatically. The current can be limited between 500mA and 1A.

Materials ： Aluminum alloy

Dimension ： 265*200*295mm

Weight ： 12.7kg

Protection level ： IP65

Insulation resistance ： 1000V/2GΩ

Working voltage of charger ： 110V-240VAC

Current limitation range ： 500mA-1A

Maximum output voltage ： DC 450V

Maximum current output ： 1A

Capacity ： 48V/23.4AH

Working temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

Storage temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

External input voltage ： 42-56VDC

BP450 comes with a voltage boosting module; in case of low battery in the field, power can be supplied by an external power source; the external input voltages are 42-56VDC; the output voltages are 150V, 300V and 450V.

Materials ： Aluminum alloy

Dimension ： 265*200*295mm

Weight ： 12.7kg

Protection level ： IP65

Insulation resistance ： 1000V/2GΩ

Working voltage of charger ： 110V-240VAC

Current limitation range ： 500mA-1A

Maximum output voltage ： DC450V

Maximum current output ： 1A

Capacity ： 48V/23.4AH

Working temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

Storage temperature ： -10℃/+60℃

External input voltage ： 42-56VDC
Electrodes
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- Stainless steel electrode
  
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- Copper electrode
  
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- Copper electrode
  
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- Solid non-polarization electrode
  
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The electrode is made of stainless steel 304, with excellent conductivity, low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and high strength, and can adapt to most geographical conditions.

Dimension ： Φ12*400mm

Material ： 304/PVC

Weight ： 0.5KG

The plug-in clip uses corrosion-resistant and durable PVC materials; the handle is designed as a user-friendly long handle, greatly facilitating the field staff to set the test environment; the clip is made of durable and corrosion-resistant metal steel; the circular groove is suitable for all our ERT cables, which solves the open circuit problem of ground resistance from accessories.

Dimension ： Φ12*400mm

Material ： Stainless steel 304/PVC

Weight ： 0.5KG

The electrode made of red copper processing is characterized by excellent conductivity, corrosion resistance, stable electrode potential, etc., and can adapt to most geographical conditions.

Dimension ： Φ10*280mm

Material ： Stainless steel 304/PVC

Weight ： 0.4KG

The plug-in clip uses corrosion-resistant and durable PVC materials; the handle is designed as a user-friendly long handle, greatly facilitating the field staff to set the test environment; the clip is made of durable and corrosion-resistant metal steel; the circular groove is suitable for all our ERT cables, which solves the open circuit problem of ground resistance from accessories.

Dimension ： Φ10*280mm

Material ： Copper

Weight ： 0.4KG

The solid non-polarization electrode is small in size, light and convenient for outdoor workers to carry; the shell is made of PVC materials and is not easily broken; the color of the shell is obvious; it’s convenient for recycling in the field. The shell is mainly made of lead chloride, sodium chloride, copper, gypsum and other raw materials, and is recyclable and pollution-free.

Dimension ： 110*75mm

Weight ： 0.4Kg

The solid non-polarization electrode is characterized by small potential difference, good stability, low noise, etc. and is often used for the ERT IP test.

Dimension ： 110*75mm

Weight ： 0.4Kg
Mainframe accessories
- U disc
  
  1 of 5
- USB connecting line
  
  2 of 5
- External power line
  
  3 of 5
- Banana clip
  
  4 of 5
- Banana alligator clip
  
  5 of 5
U disc includes: an instruction manual, Geomative studio software, and a device installation driver.

The USB connecting line is a connecting line between the mainframe and the computer used to upload and download data of the mainframe to the computer.

The power line connects the mainframe to the external power source. When the battery of the mainframe is low or damaged, 20-60V voltage can be provided for the mainframe so that the mainframe can work normally.

A common connecting line used for connection between the power source and the mainframe and connection among terminals A, B, M and N

A common connecting line used for connection between the power source and the mainframe and connection among terminals A, B, M and N
GP-5000 rectifier
- GP-5000 rectifier
  
  1 of 1
The high-frequency switching power supply is the fourth generation of rectifier products; compared with the early silicon rectifier or silicon controlled rectifier, the high-frequency switching power supply is efficient, has advanced voltage & current stabilization and transient response indicators and outputs smooth current waveforms. Therefore, the high-frequency switching power supply is characterized by power saving, stable quality and easy control.

Maximum Output Voltage ： 1000V

Maximum Output Current ： 5A

Maximum power ： 5KW

Weight ： 22Kg

Dimension ： 280m×520m×275m

AC input voltage ： 220V
CB 10 Multi-electrode cable
- CB10 Multi-electrode cable
  
  1 of 2
- CB10 ERT cable
  
  2 of 2
Single take-out cable: Each cable has 10 taps in total. In the standard configuration, the spaces between taps are 5m and 10m.

Number of taps ： 10

Pulling resistance ： 75kg

Water proof ： IP67

Spacing ： 5/10m

Cable length ： 66m/121m

Weight ： 5.5kg/9kg

Max voltage ： 800V

Max current ： 2A

19-core Amphenol military outlet; made with stainless steel materials; sturdy and durable; high plug-in performance of 50,000 times; high waterproof performance.

Number of taps ： 10

Pulling resistance ： 75kg

Water proof ： IP67

Spacing ： 5/10m

Cable length ： 66m/121m

Weight ： 5.5kg/9kg

Max voltage ： 800V

Max current ： 2A
CS60
- CS60
  
  1 of 2
- CS60
  
  2 of 2
The shell of the CS60 centralized box is processed with aluminium alloy, sturdy and light. Its high heat dissipation performance allows it to work in the harsh environment.

The handle adopts industrial rubber, sturdy and reliable, and has excellent shockproof effects, effectively protecting the mainframe in case of accidental shakes and falls in field application.

Weight ： 6.2kg

Protection level ： IP65

Insulation indicator ： 2500V/2GΩ

Dimension ： 201*168*300mm

For the CS60 centralized box, high density ports and communication ports are integrated on the same side plate, facilitating customers’ operation and protecting against rain.

Weight ： 6.2kg

Protection level ： IP65

Insulation indicator ： 2500V/2GΩ

Dimension ： 201*168*300mm

Specification

Transmitter

Maximum Tx power: 3200W
- Maximum Tx power
  
  1 of 1
Maximum Tx Voltage: 800V
- Maximum Tx Voltage
  
  1 of 1
Maximum Tx Voltage: 4A
- Maximum Tx Voltage
  
  1 of 1
The maximum transmitting current of the VES mode is 6A.

The maximum transmitting current of the single link high density ERT measurement is 2A.

The maximum transmitting current of the duplex high density ERT measurement is 4A.
Current accuracy: 0.3%±1uA
- Current accuracy
  
  1 of 1
Pulse type: square wave
- Pulse type
  
  1 of 1
Protection: IP65, over-current, over-voltage, short circuit
- Protection
  
  1 of 1
Pulse width: 0.25s、0.5s、1s、2s、4s、8s、16s
- Pulse width
  
  1 of 1
Input impedance: ≥200MΩ
- Input impedance
  
  1 of 1

Receiver

Stacking: 1-255
- Stacking
  
  1 of 1
Voltage range: ±24V
- Voltage range
  
  1 of 1
SP compensation: ±10V
- SP compensation
  
  1 of 1
Noise rejection: ≥120dB
- Noise rejection
  
  1 of 1
Accuracy: 0.3%±1uV
- Accuracy
  
  1 of 1
Dynamic Averaging: 24bit
- Dynamic Averaging
  
  1 of 1

Others

Weight: 8KG
- Weight
  
  1 of 1
Size: 39cm*20cm*29cm
- Size
  
  1 of 1
Working temperature: -20℃~70℃
- Working temperature
  
  1 of 1
Storage temperature: -50℃~+50℃
- Storage temperature
  
  1 of 1
Operating humidity: ≤95%
- Operating humidity
  
  1 of 1
Memory capacity: 8GB
- Memory capacity
  
  1 of 1
Charging voltage: 120~250VAC（50HZ/60HZ）
- Charging voltage
  
  1 of 1
Display screen: 5.7-inch full-color LCD screen, 640*480
- Display screen
  
  1 of 1
External power: DC24~60V
- External power
  
  1 of 1
Built-in battery: 16.8V lithium battery
- Built-in battery
  
  1 of 1

Product Introduction
Product function
Product features
Product Accessories
Specification

Application case more

GD-10 system

GD-10 system

GD-10 system

Product Introduction

Product function

1D Resistivity or IP

1D Resistivity or IP

Supported 1D arrays (click for details) ：

Supported 1D arrays (click for details) ：

4P-VES

Composite Profiling

Dipole VES

AMN Devices

MNB device

Mid-grandient

Customized arrays

2D ERT or IP Profiling

2D ERT or IP Profiling

Mainframe in the middle of the measuring line

Mainframe on the left side of the measuring line

Mainframe on the right side of the measuring line

Mainframe in the middle of the measuring line

Mainframe on the left side of the measuring line

Mainframe on the right side of the measuring line

Centralized 30 electrodes system

Centralized 60 electrodes system

Centralized 90 electrodes system

Centralized 120 electrodes system

Mainframe in the middle of the measuring line

Mainframe on the left side of the measuring line

Dual-takeout ERT Survey

Dual-takeout IP Survey

Supported array configurations (click for details)

Supported array configurations (click for details)

Wenner（α）

Wenner（β）

Wenner（γ）

Pole-Dipole（AMN）

Dipole-Pole（MNB）

Pole-Pole（AM）

Dipole-Dipole

Schlumberger

Wenner-Schlumberger

Edge Gradient

Double Side-3P

Cross-Hole Dipole

Bipole Up-Hole

Customized

3D ERT or IP Profiling

3D ERT or IP Profiling

Supported 3D arrays(click for details)

Supported 3D arrays(click for details)

Wenner（α）

Wenner（β）

Schlunmberger

Dipole-Dipole

Pole-Dipole

Pole-Pole

Mid gradient

High-powered IP Mid-gradient Profiling

High-powered IP Mid-gradient Profiling

Features

Features

Set the start/end electrodes

Skip takeouts

Skip takeouts

Ignore take-out

Set the start/end layers

Contact resistance

VSE ground resistance test

ERT ground resistance test

Settings of ground resistance threshold value

Multi-dimensional data display

Details of resistivity data

Details of IP data

Section grap

Profile graph

Comprehensive view

Attenuation curve of IP data

Advantages of rolling test